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The Stanford rugby teams of 1906 to 1917 represented Stanford University as the school's only football program during those years, replacing American football with rugby union. The school had played American football from 1892 to 1905, but in 1906, concerned with the growing levels of violence in football, Stanford and other universities changed to rugby. Stanford played twelve seasons of rugby, during which it played other college teams, club teams from the United States, Canada, and Australia, as well as the New Zealand national team and Australia national team. Despite the team's success, it became clear that other schools were not adopting rugby in large numbers, and after rival California returned to football in 1915, Stanford faced a limited number of potential opponents; and after a year of playing neither sport officially due to World War I, the school returned to American football in 1919. ==Switch to rugby== American football in the early 1900s had become increasingly violent; with no forward pass, the ball carrier would be typically pushed and pulled up the field by his own players in massive formations that often resulted in serious injuries. In 1905, 18 deaths, three at the college level, were attributed to football; 159 serious injuries were also reported, 88 at the college level.〔 Reform was demanded by such voices as U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, who decried the brutality and foul play of the game, and called a meeting of school presidents to discuss the issue.〔〔 As a result, before the next season began, new rules were put in place to discourage such play.〔 The forward pass was also introduced to open up the game and reduce the role of dangerous mass formations.〔 Despite the planned changes, a number of universities banned the sport for the coming year, including Columbia, NYU, and Northwestern.〔〔 Several universities on the West Coast, led by California and Stanford, replaced the sport with rugby.〔 At the time, the future of football was very much in doubt and these schools believed that rugby would eventually be adopted nationwide.〔 Other schools that made the switch included Nevada, St. Mary's, Santa Clara, and USC (in 1911).〔 However, due to the perception that West Coast football was inferior to the game played on the East Coast anyway, East Coast and Midwest teams shrugged off the loss of the teams and continued playing football.〔 With no nationwide movement, the available pool of rugby teams to play remained small.〔 The schools scheduled games against local club teams and reached out to rugby powers in Australia, New Zealand, and especially, due to its proximity, Canada. The annual Big Game between Stanford and California continued as rugby, with the winner invited by the British Columbia Rugby Union to a tournament in Vancouver over the Christmas holidays, with the winner of that tournament receiving the Cooper Keith Trophy.〔〔 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1906–17 Stanford rugby teams」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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